The Science, Physiology, and Psychology of “No Pain, No Gain” in Bodybuilding
Introduction: The Anatomy of a Mantra In 1977, the documentary Pumping Iron introduced the mainstream world to the subculture of competitive bodybuilding. In one of the film’s most memorable scenes, a young Arnold Schwarzenegger described the intense sensation of muscular resistance—the “pump”—comparing the temporary discomfort of heavy weight training to an undeniable sign of muscular … Read more